Geology Mcqs with Answers

Geology is the study of the composition of the Earth’s surface and under it and the events that have shaped it. It also includes methods for determining the absolute and relative ages of rocks discovered in a certain place and describing the rock’s history. Geologists may document the geologic Earth’s history and show the age of rocks by combining these technologies. Plates’ continental drift, the long evolution of species, and the Earth’s previous temperatures are all supported by geology.

 

#1. The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed

Weathering

Sedimentation

Deposition

Erosion

#2. Spheroidal weathering occurs when

Physical weathering predominates and there is little chemical weathering

Physical weathering breaks boulders directly into spherical cobbles and pebbles

Chemical weathering attacks corners and edges of rock more rapidly than its interior

Chemical weathering works at a uniform rate throughout the rock

#3. A rock with a well-developed foliation

Most commonly forms in contact metamorphic environments.

Has platty mineral grains (like micas) aligned parallel to each other, causing the rock to break into flat slabs

Is made up primarily of quartz

Is most likely to form in response to falling temperature and pressure.

#4. Hydrolysis, oxidation, and hydration are all examples of

Deposition

Erosion

Chemical weathering

Physical weathering

#5. Because the velocity of sediment settling (deposition) is positively related to grain size for waterborne sediments, fluvial deposits are more likely than glacial deposits to

Include fine grains, such as clay

Be well sorted

Include coarse grains, such as cobbles

Have angular grains

#6. Volcanic Bombs are

Used in highly hazardous volcanoes to mitigate volcanic hazards via small controlled eruptions

Pyroclastic blocks that acquire aerodynamic shapes during flight out of the volcanic vent

Cinders that explode upon impact with the ground

Explosive bodies of lava with high volatile content

#7. One of the main differences between a gneiss and a schist is that

Gneisses have more feldspar and less mica than schists

Gneisses are generally older than schists

Gneisses form in subduction zones and schists form in batholiths.

Gneisses form from sedimentary rocks and schists form from igneous rocks.

#8. Frost wedging, root wedging, and salt wedging are all examples of

Physical weathering

Deposition

Chemical weathering

Erosion

#9. Used in highly hazardous volcanoes to mitigate volcanic hazards via small controlled eruptions

Normal mid-ocean ridge activity

Subduction of an oceanic plate underneath the continental Eurasian Plate

A submarine hot-spot located along a mid-ocean ridge

A submarine hot-spot located within the interior of a plate

#10. The word “metamorphism” literally refers to

Moving toward the middle

A concept in existential philosophy

Change in the chemical composition of a rock.

Change

#11. You have discovered an outcrop of mica schist, and you know that this is a metamorphic rock. Which of the following rocks could have been metamorphosed to form this mica schist?

Basalt

Ignimbrite

Limestone

Shale

#12. It is unusual for ____________ to carry grains larger than sand.

ice

Wind

Water

#13. If a basalt is metamorphosed, the following rock types could develop in this order in response to increasing temperature:

Amphibolite : greenschist : blueschist

Greenschist : amphibolite

Marble : greenschist : quartzite

Granite : gabbro : phyllite

#14. When rocks are metamorphosed,

They always develop a strong foliation

They always melt and then recrystallize upon cooling.

They always turn green, which is why they are called greenschists.

The original minerals are recrystallized in the solid state, and they are sometimes replaced by a new set of minerals

#15. Laterite soils are most commonly found in which type of environments?

Grasslands

Tropical rain forests

Temperate forests

Deserts

#16. The best plate-tectonic environment for making blueschists (high pressure, lower temperature) metamorphic rocks is

Subduction zones

Hot spots.

Himalayan-type orogens.

Mid-ocean ridges

#17. Ash, cinders, and blocks are all types of

Lava flows

Pele's hair

Volcanoes

Volcanoclastic debris

#18. Caliche is most commonly found in which type of environments?

Deserts

Grasslands

Tropical rain forests

Temperate forests

#19. Contact metamorphism would occur when

Magma is emplaced adjacent to relatively cool sedimentary rocks.

Basalt is erupted under seawater

Sediments on a subducting slab are heated and deformed.

Magma is emplaced into very deeply buried and already-hot igneous rocks

#20. Seafloor metamorphism

Generates metamorphic rocks that usually lack foliation.

Occurs when seawater reacts with hot seafloor rocks.

occurs mainly at or near mid-ocean ridges and transform faults

All options

#21. If a shale is metamorphosed, the following rock types develop in this order in response to increasing temperature:

Gneiss : schist : phyllite : slate cooler → hotter

Slate : phyllite : schist : gneiss cooler → hotter

Lapilli : lahar :tuff : ignimbrite cooler → hotter

Blueschist : greenschist : amphibolite cooler → hotter

#22. The difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate

Is finer grained than breccia

Possesses more rounded grains than breccia

Is coarser grained than breccia

Possesses more angular grains than breccia

#23. If water is the transport medium of sediment, the grain size of sedimentary deposits most closely indicates the

average velocity of the water from the time of erosion until deposition

Geographic extent of the weathering source rock at outcrop

Velocity of the water at the moment the sediment settled to the bottom

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