Geology Mcqs with Answers

Geology is the study of the composition of the Earth’s surface and under it and the events that have shaped it. It also includes methods for determining the absolute and relative ages of rocks discovered in a certain place and describing the rock’s history. Geologists may document the geologic Earth’s history and show the age of rocks by combining these technologies. Plates’ continental drift, the long evolution of species, and the Earth’s previous temperatures are all supported by geology.

 

#1. Hydrolysis, oxidation, and hydration are all examples of

Physical weathering

Chemical weathering

Deposition

Erosion

#2. If a basalt is metamorphosed, the following rock types could develop in this order in response to increasing temperature:

Granite : gabbro : phyllite

Greenschist : amphibolite

Marble : greenschist : quartzite

Amphibolite : greenschist : blueschist

#3. Seafloor metamorphism

Occurs when seawater reacts with hot seafloor rocks.

occurs mainly at or near mid-ocean ridges and transform faults

All options

Generates metamorphic rocks that usually lack foliation.

#4. One of the main differences between a gneiss and a schist is that

Gneisses form in subduction zones and schists form in batholiths.

Gneisses form from sedimentary rocks and schists form from igneous rocks.

Gneisses have more feldspar and less mica than schists

Gneisses are generally older than schists

#5. If a shale is metamorphosed, the following rock types develop in this order in response to increasing temperature:

Blueschist : greenschist : amphibolite cooler → hotter

Lapilli : lahar :tuff : ignimbrite cooler → hotter

Slate : phyllite : schist : gneiss cooler → hotter

Gneiss : schist : phyllite : slate cooler → hotter

#6. The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed

Sedimentation

Erosion

Deposition

Weathering

#7. It is unusual for ____________ to carry grains larger than sand.

Wind

ice

Water

#8. If water is the transport medium of sediment, the grain size of sedimentary deposits most closely indicates the

average velocity of the water from the time of erosion until deposition

Geographic extent of the weathering source rock at outcrop

Velocity of the water at the moment the sediment settled to the bottom

#9. Laterite soils are most commonly found in which type of environments?

Tropical rain forests

Grasslands

Temperate forests

Deserts

#10. Caliche is most commonly found in which type of environments?

Temperate forests

Grasslands

Tropical rain forests

Deserts

#11. A rock with a well-developed foliation

Most commonly forms in contact metamorphic environments.

Has platty mineral grains (like micas) aligned parallel to each other, causing the rock to break into flat slabs

Is most likely to form in response to falling temperature and pressure.

Is made up primarily of quartz

#12. The difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate

Possesses more rounded grains than breccia

Is finer grained than breccia

Is coarser grained than breccia

Possesses more angular grains than breccia

#13. Used in highly hazardous volcanoes to mitigate volcanic hazards via small controlled eruptions

A submarine hot-spot located along a mid-ocean ridge

Subduction of an oceanic plate underneath the continental Eurasian Plate

A submarine hot-spot located within the interior of a plate

Normal mid-ocean ridge activity

#14. Volcanic Bombs are

Explosive bodies of lava with high volatile content

Used in highly hazardous volcanoes to mitigate volcanic hazards via small controlled eruptions

Cinders that explode upon impact with the ground

Pyroclastic blocks that acquire aerodynamic shapes during flight out of the volcanic vent

#15. The word “metamorphism” literally refers to

Moving toward the middle

Change

A concept in existential philosophy

Change in the chemical composition of a rock.

#16. Because the velocity of sediment settling (deposition) is positively related to grain size for waterborne sediments, fluvial deposits are more likely than glacial deposits to

Include coarse grains, such as cobbles

Be well sorted

Have angular grains

Include fine grains, such as clay

#17. When rocks are metamorphosed,

They always melt and then recrystallize upon cooling.

The original minerals are recrystallized in the solid state, and they are sometimes replaced by a new set of minerals

They always turn green, which is why they are called greenschists.

They always develop a strong foliation

#18. You have discovered an outcrop of mica schist, and you know that this is a metamorphic rock. Which of the following rocks could have been metamorphosed to form this mica schist?

Shale

Ignimbrite

Basalt

Limestone

#19. Frost wedging, root wedging, and salt wedging are all examples of

Erosion

Deposition

Chemical weathering

Physical weathering

#20. The best plate-tectonic environment for making blueschists (high pressure, lower temperature) metamorphic rocks is

Himalayan-type orogens.

Mid-ocean ridges

Hot spots.

Subduction zones

#21. Ash, cinders, and blocks are all types of

Pele's hair

Volcanoes

Volcanoclastic debris

Lava flows

#22. Spheroidal weathering occurs when

Physical weathering breaks boulders directly into spherical cobbles and pebbles

Chemical weathering attacks corners and edges of rock more rapidly than its interior

Physical weathering predominates and there is little chemical weathering

Chemical weathering works at a uniform rate throughout the rock

#23. Contact metamorphism would occur when

Magma is emplaced adjacent to relatively cool sedimentary rocks.

Basalt is erupted under seawater

Sediments on a subducting slab are heated and deformed.

Magma is emplaced into very deeply buried and already-hot igneous rocks

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