Geology Mcqs with Answers

Geology is the study of the composition of the Earth’s surface and under it and the events that have shaped it. It also includes methods for determining the absolute and relative ages of rocks discovered in a certain place and describing the rock’s history. Geologists may document the geologic Earth’s history and show the age of rocks by combining these technologies. Plates’ continental drift, the long evolution of species, and the Earth’s previous temperatures are all supported by geology.

 

#1. Because the velocity of sediment settling (deposition) is positively related to grain size for waterborne sediments, fluvial deposits are more likely than glacial deposits to

Have angular grains

Be well sorted

Include coarse grains, such as cobbles

Include fine grains, such as clay

#2. Used in highly hazardous volcanoes to mitigate volcanic hazards via small controlled eruptions

A submarine hot-spot located along a mid-ocean ridge

Subduction of an oceanic plate underneath the continental Eurasian Plate

Normal mid-ocean ridge activity

A submarine hot-spot located within the interior of a plate

#3. Caliche is most commonly found in which type of environments?

Temperate forests

Deserts

Grasslands

Tropical rain forests

#4. Frost wedging, root wedging, and salt wedging are all examples of

Physical weathering

Deposition

Erosion

Chemical weathering

#5. A rock with a well-developed foliation

Is most likely to form in response to falling temperature and pressure.

Has platty mineral grains (like micas) aligned parallel to each other, causing the rock to break into flat slabs

Is made up primarily of quartz

Most commonly forms in contact metamorphic environments.

#6. One of the main differences between a gneiss and a schist is that

Gneisses form from sedimentary rocks and schists form from igneous rocks.

Gneisses are generally older than schists

Gneisses form in subduction zones and schists form in batholiths.

Gneisses have more feldspar and less mica than schists

#7. Seafloor metamorphism

occurs mainly at or near mid-ocean ridges and transform faults

Occurs when seawater reacts with hot seafloor rocks.

All options

Generates metamorphic rocks that usually lack foliation.

#8. When rocks are metamorphosed,

They always turn green, which is why they are called greenschists.

They always develop a strong foliation

The original minerals are recrystallized in the solid state, and they are sometimes replaced by a new set of minerals

They always melt and then recrystallize upon cooling.

#9. If water is the transport medium of sediment, the grain size of sedimentary deposits most closely indicates the

Velocity of the water at the moment the sediment settled to the bottom

average velocity of the water from the time of erosion until deposition

Geographic extent of the weathering source rock at outcrop

#10. The best plate-tectonic environment for making blueschists (high pressure, lower temperature) metamorphic rocks is

Mid-ocean ridges

Subduction zones

Himalayan-type orogens.

Hot spots.

#11. Ash, cinders, and blocks are all types of

Pele's hair

Volcanoclastic debris

Lava flows

Volcanoes

#12. If a basalt is metamorphosed, the following rock types could develop in this order in response to increasing temperature:

Granite : gabbro : phyllite

Amphibolite : greenschist : blueschist

Marble : greenschist : quartzite

Greenschist : amphibolite

#13. The difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate

Possesses more rounded grains than breccia

Is coarser grained than breccia

Is finer grained than breccia

Possesses more angular grains than breccia

#14. Contact metamorphism would occur when

Magma is emplaced adjacent to relatively cool sedimentary rocks.

Sediments on a subducting slab are heated and deformed.

Magma is emplaced into very deeply buried and already-hot igneous rocks

Basalt is erupted under seawater

#15. If a shale is metamorphosed, the following rock types develop in this order in response to increasing temperature:

Slate : phyllite : schist : gneiss cooler → hotter

Gneiss : schist : phyllite : slate cooler → hotter

Lapilli : lahar :tuff : ignimbrite cooler → hotter

Blueschist : greenschist : amphibolite cooler → hotter

#16. Laterite soils are most commonly found in which type of environments?

Temperate forests

Grasslands

Deserts

Tropical rain forests

#17. Spheroidal weathering occurs when

Physical weathering breaks boulders directly into spherical cobbles and pebbles

Chemical weathering works at a uniform rate throughout the rock

Physical weathering predominates and there is little chemical weathering

Chemical weathering attacks corners and edges of rock more rapidly than its interior

#18. The word “metamorphism” literally refers to

Moving toward the middle

Change

Change in the chemical composition of a rock.

A concept in existential philosophy

#19. The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed

Sedimentation

Weathering

Erosion

Deposition

#20. It is unusual for ____________ to carry grains larger than sand.

ice

Water

Wind

#21. Volcanic Bombs are

Pyroclastic blocks that acquire aerodynamic shapes during flight out of the volcanic vent

Cinders that explode upon impact with the ground

Explosive bodies of lava with high volatile content

Used in highly hazardous volcanoes to mitigate volcanic hazards via small controlled eruptions

#22. Hydrolysis, oxidation, and hydration are all examples of

Deposition

Physical weathering

Erosion

Chemical weathering

#23. You have discovered an outcrop of mica schist, and you know that this is a metamorphic rock. Which of the following rocks could have been metamorphosed to form this mica schist?

Shale

Basalt

Limestone

Ignimbrite

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