Introduction to Geology Geology, derived from the Greek words geo (Earth) and logos (study), is the scientific discipline dedicated to understanding the Earth’s composition, structure, processes, and history. It seeks to answer fundamental questions: How did mountains form? Why do ...

Facies Classification of Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic facies classification is an essential tool in understanding the pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions under which rocks undergo metamorphism. It helps geologists interpret the geological processes and tectonic settings responsible for metamorphic transformations. In this article, ...

Introduction to Bowen’s Reaction Series Bowen’s Reaction Series is a fundamental concept in igneous petrology that explains the sequence of mineral crystallization in a cooling magma. This concept, developed by Norman L. Bowen in the early 20th century, has become ...

Understanding Minerals, Metals, and Ores: Types, Formation, and Detailed Overview Minerals, metals, and ores are essential to understanding the Earth’s composition and its resources. These terms are interconnected but have distinct definitions and characteristics. Let’s delve into their types, formation ...

Placer deposits are natural occurring concentrations of minerals and metals that are found in sedimentary rock formations. These deposits are formed through a series of geological processes that involve the movement, deposition, and alteration of minerals. They are an important ...