The mining industry routinely collects samples to assist with decision making, whether for exploration, resource estimation, grade control, or plant design and balances. Poorly designed sampling protocols can result in elevated project risk by increasing variability. Critically, such variability produces ...
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The process in which a portion (sample of ore) is selected in such a way, that its composition will represent the average composition of the entire bulk of ore. Such a selected portion is a sample, and the art of ...
The geological time scale is based on the the geological rock record, which includes erosion, mountain building and other geological events. Over hundreds to thousands of millions of years, continents, oceans and mountain ranges have moved ...
The transformation of limestone into marble usually occurs at convergent plate boundaries where large areas of Earth’s crust are exposed to the heat and pressure of regional metamorphism. Some marble also forms by contact metamorphism when a hot magma body heats adjacent ...
Uniformitarianism is a theory based on the work of James Hutton and made popular by Charles Lyell in the 19th century. This theory states that the forces and processes observable at earth’s surface are the same that have shaped earth’s ...
James Hutton (1726–1797), a Scottish farmer and naturalist, is known as the founder of modern geology. He was a great observer of the world around him. More importantly, he made carefully reasoned geological arguments. Hutton came to believe that the Earth ...
Mineral processing is the art and technology of treating ores from the mining areas in order to separate the valuable minerals from the waste rock. It includes processes to provide a more concentrated material for the procedures of the following ...