Forgot Password,
Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.
Sign up to join our community!
Please sign in to your account!
Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.
How diamomd formation in earth’s mantle?
💎 Diamonds were formed over 3 billion years ago deep within the Earth’s crust under conditions of intense heat and pressure that cause carbon atoms to crystallise forming diamonds. 💎 Diamonds are found at a depth of approx. 150-200km below the surface of the Earth. Here, temperatures averageRead more
💎 Diamonds were formed over 3 billion years ago deep within the Earth’s crust under conditions of intense heat and pressure that cause carbon atoms to crystallise forming diamonds.
💎 Diamonds are found at a depth of approx. 150-200km below the surface of the Earth. Here, temperatures average 900 to 1,300 degrees Celsius and at a pressure of 45 to 60 kilobars (which is around 50,000 times that of atmospheric pressure at the Earth’s surface).
👉 Under these conditions, molten lamproite and kimberlite (commonly known as magma) are also formed within the Earth’s upper mantle and expand at a rapid rate. This expansion causes the magma to erupt, forcing it to the Earth’s surface and taking along with it diamond bearing rocks. Moving at an incredible speed, the magma takes the path with least resistance, forming a ‘pipe’ to the surface.
💎 As it cools the magma hardens to form Kimberlite and settles in vertical structures known as kimberlite pipes. These kimberlite pipes are the most significant source of diamonds, yet it is estimated that only 1 in every 200 kimberlite pipes contain gem-quality diamonds.
👉 The name ‘Kimberlite’ was derived from the South African town of Kimberley where the first diamonds were found in this type of rock.
💎 Coal has rarely – if ever – played a role in the formation of diamonds. In fact, most diamonds that have been dated are much older than Earth’s first land plants – the source material of coal! That alone should be enough evidence to shut down the idea that Earth’s diamond deposits were formed from coal.
See lessWhat is the Difference Between Jade and Serpentine?
What is Jade? Jade can be described as a mineral useful as jewelry or ornaments. It is a mineral with a monoclinic crystal system. This material mostly has a green color, but it can appear in virtually all colors. It has a crystal habit of intergrown grainy or fine fibrous aggregate type. Its fractuRead more
What is Jade?
Jade can be described as a mineral useful as jewelry or ornaments. It is a mineral with a monoclinic crystal system. This material mostly has a green color, but it can appear in virtually all colors. It has a crystal habit of intergrown grainy or fine fibrous aggregate type. Its fracture is splintery, and it is a brittle material. The hardness can be given as 6 – 7 on the Mohs scale. Jade is a translucent material with a specific gravity of 2.9 – 3.38.
There are two forms of jade; they are nephrite jade and jadeite jade. Until 1863, it was difficult to determine whether jade was nephrite or jadeite. Nephrite contains a microcrystalline interlocking matrix with a fibrous appearance made of calcium, magnesium-iron rich amphibole minerals. It becomes more green in color when the iron content grows higher. On the other hand, jadeite is rich in sodium and aluminum pyroxene. It is the most precious type of jade and has a microcrystalline structure with an interlocking growth of crystals. This type of jade can be found only on metamorphic rocks.
There are many ornamental uses of jade in East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia art. It is also a precious material in Latin America, including Mexico and Guatemala.
What is Serpentine?
Serpentine is a subgroup of kaolinite-serpentine, which has greenish, brownish, spotted minerals that exist in serpentinite rocks. This type of material is useful as a source of magnesium and asbestos. It is also useful as a decorative stone. The name serpentine comes from the green color it has, which resembles a serpent.
This subgroup of this mineral has rock-forming hydrous magnesium iron phyllosilicate minerals. These minerals are a result of the metamorphism of ultramafic rocks. Moreover, there can be some other elements, such as chromium, manganese, cobalt, and nickel. Moreover, this subgroup has polymorphous minerals, which means there is the same chemical formula with different atomic structures.
The precious or noble forms of serpentine are more attractive and durable forms, and these are useful extensively as gems and used in ornamental carvings. Furthermore, it can be easily carved, polished excellently, and has a pleasingly greasy feeling. There are, however, less valuable serpentine ores with various hardnesses and clarities that are sometimes dyed to imitate jade.
See lessHow are basalt and granite formed?
Basalt forms when magma cools and solidifies on the surface of the earth. It mainly occurs on the floor of the ocean as magma solidifies quickly coming in contact with cool ocean water. On the other hand, granite occurs above the ocean and makes up much of continental crust. most of the ocean floorRead more
Basalt forms when magma cools and solidifies on the surface of the earth. It mainly occurs on the floor of the ocean as magma solidifies quickly coming in contact with cool ocean water. On the other hand, granite occurs above the ocean and makes up much of continental crust.
most of the ocean floor is basalt, and most of the continents are granite. Basaltic crust is dark and thin and heavy, while granite is light and accumulates into continent-sized rafts which bob about like corks in this “sea of basalt.” When a continent runs into a piece of seafloor, it’s much like a Mac truck running into a Volkswagon. Not very pretty, but at least there’s a clear winner. And the seafloor basalt ends up in pretty much the same position as does the VW – under the truck (or continent, as the case may be). This may seem like a drag for the basalt, but remember that it isn’t all that happy on the surface anyway, and this gives it the heat it needs to re-melt and try to complete the differentiation process which was so rudely interrupted at the spreading ridge. If successful and allowed to continue, what’s left behind is a “purified” magma with most of the iron, magnesium, and other heavy elements removed. When it cools, guess what forms? And the continental land mass just got a wee bit larger.
See lessWhat Are the Differences Between Basaltic and Granitic Magma?
Granitic magma has high levels of potassium and sodium, while basaltic magma has very low levels of these minerals. When magmas are judged by mineral composition like this, they are technically referred to as felsic, which is granitic, and mafic, which is basaltic. Another major difference between tRead more
Granitic magma has high levels of potassium and sodium, while basaltic magma has very low levels of these minerals. When magmas are judged by mineral composition like this, they are technically referred to as felsic, which is granitic, and mafic, which is basaltic.
Another major difference between these two types of magmas is the temperature that each needs in order to stay liquid. Felsic magmas are normally between 650 and 800 degrees Celsius, whereas mafic magmas are between 1,000 and 1,200 degrees. This is because the mafic minerals melt at much higher temperatures than potassium and sodium, the felsic minerals. Due in part to the lower temperature, felsic magma is much more viscous than mafic magma, meaning it is much thicker and more resistant to flowing.
Although basaltic magma can result in basaltic rocks and granitic magma can result in granitic rocks, they can also form other rocks depending on how quickly the magma cools. Granite is formed by the slow cooling of magma within the surface of the earth, while basalt is formed when magma quickly cools after breaching the earth’s surface through volcanic activity.
See lessWhat is difference between granite and basalt
Differences between basalt and granite Although there are some similarities between basalt and granite, there are also significant differences between these two rock types. Basalt is volcanic, or extrusive, forming at the surface, while granite is plutonic, or intrusive, forming beneath the sRead more
Differences between basalt and granite
Although there are some similarities between basalt and granite, there are also significant differences between these two rock types.
Basalt is volcanic, or extrusive, forming at the surface, while granite is plutonic, or intrusive, forming beneath the surface.
Basalt is mafic while granite is felsic
Basalt is common on both Earth and other Solar System bodies such as the Moon and Mars while granite is only common on Earth and rare elsewhere in the Solar System
Basalt can form in a few days to months, whereas granite plutons can take millions of years to cool and harden.
Basalt is more common in oceanic crust while granite is more common in continental crust.
See lessWhat type of volcano makes granite?
Rhyolite. Rhyolite magma cooling underground forms granite. Granite has large interlocking crystals that can be easily seen if you hold the rock at arm's length. Rhyolite is associated supervolcanoes and explosive volcanic eruptions that create calderas.
Rhyolite. Rhyolite magma cooling underground forms granite. Granite has large interlocking crystals that can be easily seen if you hold the rock at arm’s length. Rhyolite is associated supervolcanoes and explosive volcanic eruptions that create calderas.
See lessHow are extrusive and intrusive rocks formed?
When the molten lava comes on the earth's surface, it rapidly cools down and becomes solid. Rocks formed in this way on the crust are extrusive igneous rocks. Sometimes the molten magma cools down deep inside the earth's crust. Solid rocks so formed are the intrusive igneous rocks.
When the molten lava comes on the earth’s surface, it rapidly cools down and becomes solid. Rocks formed in this way on the crust are extrusive igneous rocks.
Sometimes the molten magma cools down deep inside the earth’s crust. Solid rocks so formed are the intrusive igneous rocks.
See lessWho is the father of Geology?
Hutton was the first to propose: That planet operated a Rock Cycle powered by its internal heat, That igneous rocks like granite were intrusive, having been injected into older rocks whilst molten, That natural processes would have operated in the distant past at the same rates as obsRead more
Hutton was the first to propose:
Honourable Mentions to:
Nicolas Steno – Father of Stratigraphy (law of superposition, law of original horizontality, law of cross-cutting relationships, and law of lateral continuity.)
William “Strata” Smith – Father of English Geology (Law of Faunal Succession; “Map that changed the World”.
Arthur Holmes – Father of Geochronology (first radiometric dating of earth materials).
See less