The mineralogical, chemical, and structural adjustment of solid rocks to physical and chemical conditions which have generally been imposed at depth below the surface zones of weathering and cementation, and which differ from the conditions under which the rocks in ...

Minerals are homogeneous, naturally occurring, inorganic solids that have a definite crystalline structure and chemical composition. In 1995, the World Minerals Organization put another definition saying that “a mineral is an element or a chemical compound that is naturally crystalline ...

An unconformity is a surface of erosion or non-deposition that separates two rock units that have different ages. It represents a time gap in the geologic record, and it occurs when sedimentary rocks are tilted, uplifted, and eroded before new ...

What is Volcano I heard about the volcano before ???….We all see volcanoes in movies and news, but did you ask yourself why or how do they happen? On our trip today, we will explore the volcano and see its ...

Geology 101 is the study of the Earth and its materials, structures, processes, and history. It is a broad field that encompasses many different disciplines, including mineralogy, petrology, paleontology, and geophysics. Geologists study the Earth’s physical features, including its rocks, ...

What are Rare Earths?  The Japanese call them “the seeds of technology.”  The US Department of Energy calls them “technology metals.”  They make possible the high tech world we live in today – everything from the miniaturization of electronics, to the enabling of ...

Geological Time Scale The geological time scale is a system of chronological measurement that relates geological events and geological time to a numerical scale. It is used to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred throughout Earth’s ...

?Kimberlites, named after the town of Kimberly, South Africa, where they were first described, are volcanic rocks that originate in Earth’s mantle.?They are mined exclusively for diamonds. The photo shows the “Big Hole” at Kimberly.?The Hole was mined from 1871 ...

✳️Cinnabar is a toxic mercury sulfide mineral with a chemical composition of HgS. ?It is the only important ore of mercury. It has a bright red color that has caused people to use it as a pigment, and carve it ...